Examples of Z-score Calculations

One type of problem that is typical in an introductory statistics course is to find the z-score for some value of a normally distributed variable. After providing the rationale for this, we will see several examples of performing this type of calculation. Reason for Z-scores There are an infinite number of normal distributions. There is a single standard normal distribution. The goal of calculating a z - score is to relate a particular normal distribution to the standard normal distribution. The standard normal distribution has been well-studied, and there are tables that provide areas underneath the curve, which we can then use for applications. Due to this universal use of the standard normal distribution, it becomes a worthwhile endeavor to standardize a normal variable. All that this z-score means is the number of standard deviations that we are away from the mean of our distribution. Formula The formula that we will use is as follows: z (x - ÃŽ ¼)/ ÏÆ' The description of each part of the formula is: x is the value of our variableÃŽ ¼ is the value of our population mean.ÏÆ'Â  is the value of the population standard deviation.z is the z-score. Â   Examples Now we will consider several examples that illustrate the use of the z-score formula. Suppose that we know about a population of a particular breed of cats having weights that are normally distributed. Furthermore, suppose we know that the mean of the distribution is 10 pounds and the standard deviation is 2 pounds. Consider the following questions: What is the z-score for 13 pounds?What is the z-score for 6 pounds?How many pounds corresponds to a z-score of 1.25? Â   For the first question, we simply plug x 13 into our z-score formula. The result is: (13 – 10)/2 1.5 This means that 13 is one and a half standard deviations above the mean. The second question is similar. Simply plug x 6 into our formula. The result for this is: (6 – 10)/2 -2 The interpretation of this is that 6 is two standard deviations below the mean. For the last question, we now know our z -score. For this problem we plug z 1.25 into the formula and use algebra to solve for x: 1.25 (x – 10)/2 Multiply both sides by 2: 2.5 (x – 10) Add 10 to both sides: 12.5 x And so we see that 12.5 pounds corresponds to a z-score of 1.25.

Lewins Comparison of Change Theories Essay - 2568 Words

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOLARLY ACADEMIC INTELLECTUAL DIVERSITY VOLUME 8 NUMBER 1 2004-2005 Comparison of Change Theories Alicia Kritsonis MBA Graduate Student California State University, Dominquez Hills ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to summarize several change theories and assumptions about the nature of change. The author shows how successful change can be encouraged and facilitated for long-term success. The article compares the characteristics of Lewin’s Three-Step Change Theory, Lippitt’s Phases of Change Theory, Prochaska and DiClemente’s Change Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, and the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior to one another. Leading industry experts will need to continually review and†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Lewin’s model illustrates the effects of forces that either promote or inhibit change. Specifically, driving forces promote change while restraining forces oppose change. Hence, change will occur when the combined strength of one force is greater than the combined strength of the opposing set of forces (Robbins 564-65). Lippitt’s Phases of Change Theory Lippitt, Watson, and Westley (1958) extend Lewin’s Three-Step Change Theory. Lippitt, Watson, and Westley created a seven-step theory that focuses more on the role and responsibility of the change agent than on the evolution of the change itself. Information is continuously exchanged throughout the process. The seven steps are: ALICIA KRITSONIS ____________________________________________________________ _________________________3 1. Diagnose the problem. 2. Assess the motivation and capacity for change. 3. Assess the resources and motivation of the change agent. This includes the change agent’s commitment to change, power, and stamina. 4. Choose progressive change objects. In this step, action plans are developed and strategies are established. 5. The role of the change agents should be selected and clearly understood by all parties so that expectations are clear. Examples of roles are: cheerleader, facilitator, and expert. 6. Maintain the change. Communication, feedback, and group coordination are essential elements in this stepShow MoreRelatedMarket Analysis of Avon1627 Words   |  6 Pagesdecided that change was necessary because of decline in operating profits and flattening revenues in 2006. It was caused by its fast growth in talent which could not be supported by the infrastructure. Model A model is a standard used to imitate, compare or emulate; what the organization does with the input to produce an output. Conceptions of planned change tend to focus on how change should be implemented in organizations. 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It describes a dynamic, interpersonal relationship in which a patient grows and develops to attain certain life goals. King’s concepts are essential in aiding nurses in the nurse-patient relationship. She developed a general systems framework where the framework refers to theRead MoreReasons For Improving The Level Of Commitment And Employee Motivation Among The Staff At The Radio Station846 Words   |  4 Pagesterms of tuition fees. The criteria to be used in weighing between these two options is the use of a Cost-Benefit Analysis. Secondly, I would seek to improve the level of employee motivation at the organization by using the Herzberg Motivation hygiene theory. The options to be considered would be to enhance either the level of intrinsic or extrinsic motivation (McVay, 2007). Intrinsic motivation factors would include employee’s responsibilities, improved communication in terms of feedback and personalizationRead MoreKurt Lewins Change Theory1570 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuous prospect of change as they fight to survive and remain competitive in a globalized economy. Changes exist in both the external and internal environments. As organizational environments exert pressure for change, organizations must adjust if they are to survive and prosper. According to Medley and Akan (2008), theories concerning organizational change were dominated by Lewin’s planned change approach (1947), which brings together four complex elements: (1) field theory, which seeks to mapRead MoreComparisons of Change Models Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Change is a usual task in every organization in order to develop an organization itself or survive in the industry. Since the business world is changing rapidly these days, the management has to have the ability to handle the organization’s development properly by applying change theory models with an organizational strategy. Therefore, people in an organization can implement with change effectively. This paper will compare three broadly used change models: Lawin’s Change Management Model;Read MoreLeadership, Leadership And Mobilization Of The Junior Nurses1579 Words   |  7 Pagesgoodwill strategies, to make their own decisions and that their proposals to changes in the society are sound and valued. Therefore, the concept of grassroots leadership and mobilization of the junior nurses is important in creating a just and fair team, which will raise the spirits and performance of the employees in hospitals. Leadership in the nursing profession should emphasize on communication as a tool of instilling change within the membership. Communication enabled Abrashoff to instill leadership

Professional Business Communication-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Communication in Business. Answer: Introduction: The communication process for any corporate can be compared with the flying of a bird and roaring of a lion. The clients and organizations have loved to employ and perform with subordinates well in communicating (Bhatia Bremner, 2014). The principles of effective communication have been required to be demonstrated choosing one poor business communication and a good one. The two communications chosen are the customer surveys with getting feedbacks and the unclear goals. Each of the businesses is described. Their nature are compared and contrasted. The kinds of communication are identified. Finally the reason why that particular communication has damaged or enhanced the business is discussed in this report. Description of the business: Instance of excellent communication: Good business communication has been vital to build any team. This leads to the success of the business. The communication has been vital as the company members need to perform as team working for the same goal. There have been various reasons why the skills of good communication have been important regarding the running of a company. The customer survey and feedback has been one of such instances (Olsson Bosch, 2015). One of the popular methods for collecting customer feedback has been concentrating on the active listening while the one-to-one session has been going on with the customers. The customer service has been delivering the scope to poll the users in queries that could go unanswered otherwise. The customer feedback and survey process has been useful in raising the market sales. There have been various hierarchies in organizations. The company having effectively well communication between top management and junior employees has been creating inclusive atmosphere. As a resul t of this the junior employees has been feeling as a part of their organization. Thus they have been encouraged in working harder. The customers are asked lots of questions here. The feedbacks are retrieved in an engaging way. The convenience and simplicity of the questions make the customers give feedbacks happily. The more feedback is received it becomes easier in measuring the customer happiness and make the customers stay longer (Khodakarami Chan, 2014). Many organizations have been trying to measure the satisfaction of the customers with various surveys. The data obtained from surveys have been hard in managing as it has been aggregated, rarely and not-aggregated. The real time feedbacks help in retrieving immediate responses from the clients. The team members have been earning points through every customer ratings in gaining scores of customer happiness. These scores help in motivating the customers facing the teams consistently seeking feedbacks and enhance the service the delivered (Fabijan, Olsson Bosch, 2015). Instance of poor communication: One of the examples of poor communication is the unclear goals. Any staff delivers the description of his job as it advertises the position. However, this has not been enough. As any individual is selected to fill-up any position the person is taken through that job description in a face-to-face manner. Individuals have various manners to interpret the job posting. As organizations do not do communication as it has been expected to be, the new staffs become confused. They stop performing. Thus the unclear goals have been leading to very poor communication (Slawinski Bansal, 2015). As the individuals do not possess knowledge and data regarding their necessities it leads to low productivity. The cause has been very basic. The people have been tending to avoid the scenarios where they would be seen to do not know. Everyone have fear of being mocked or embarrassed. A clearly explained and well-set goal could put everybody over the similar page. This leads in achieving great success. A goal devoid of simple explanations has been sending the team members off on various directions. Many of them might not be sure regarding the beginning while others would move toward various interpretations of the aim confidently. The goals that have been linked clearly with particular time limits and metrics have been the best method for preventing the advantage (Ward, 2016). Comparison and contrast between the natures of communications: Effective customer feedbacks and surveys have been helping to improve products and services. Listening to the customers has been the way guaranteed to create services and products actually needed to bought. It has been used commonly across the process of product development assuring that the end product has been solving the problems of the customers and fulfilling needs (Krn, 2014). It has been offering the best measures for measuring the customer satisfactions. It helps in determining whether the service or product has been meeting or surpassing the expectations of the customers. It has been providing actionable insights for creating better experience of customers. The clear goals and the aims have been permitting the staffs to control their individual development of their progress throughout the year and change the efforts as needed. As the staffs have known the necessities to be accomplished, they could look at the outcomes as they have been going and identifying obstacles for achieving the goals. Most of the employees have required being aware of four elements regarding their job. This would help them to contribute and feel satisfied regarding what they have been in the organization. The first one has been the method needed to be accomplished. Then the reason and fact regarding the doings is estimated. Then the efficiency of the performance is measured. Lastly the method of perfuming is determined. Types of communications worked and failed: The communications that worked: The various kinds of communications that has worked are the verbal, written and electronic communications. In the verbal communication has been the transferring of data from one person to other done orally. The instances of this include video conferencing, discussion in the meetings and telephone conversions. These kinds of communications possess limitations as the companies have been expecting their global presents. The limitations are the cultural barrier, time differences and language barriers and so on (Ordenes et al., 2014). In the written communication two or more parties have been present. Here the receiving party requires acknowledging the receipt of messages also necessity for responding in particular timeframe. Instances of this are the bulletin boards, posters and formal letters and so on. In the electronic communications numerous kinds of business communications have been developed with the advent of the technologies. Any business or any company could give rise to various channels for targeting different geographical markets (Ward, 2016). Examples of this include the blogs, websites, communications through emails and texts, online chatting, social media and so on. The communications failed as the organizations fail to think how the clients would see any new product or marketing message. The failure also occurs as the organizations refuse to become transparent and then explain the things that went wrong instead of owning up to the things and make them appropriate. In various cases the companies fail to plan. They offer the promotions instead of having sufficient planning while dealing with the volume. The organizations any several cases why the customers have liked them. These have also lead in failure (Chang, Kannan Vijayaraghavan, 2017). The brand forgets the actual cause about the keep coming back of the customers to them, and alters the products instead thinking strategically regarding the ramifications. Enhancing and damage done by the particular communications: The customer feedback and surveys have been utilized for identifying the customer advocates. As the feedbacks are collected from the customers the advocates have been provides high-scores. It has delivered the tangible data which could be utilized for making better decisions of business. As a huge numbers of clients propose any product feature or expect any extra channel of client service, they have been listened. It has helped to enhance the client retention. The customer feedback have been offering direct channel of communication with the clients (Chang, Kannan Vijayaraghavan, 2017). This has helped to identify whether they have been happy with the service and product delivered before the business is lost. As any customer turns frustrated or observes any competitive offer better, they start exploring the scopes and might cancel the contract or terminate the business. However, listening to unhappy customers the feedback could be utilized to assure better customer experience. The clearly explained and well-set goals have the capability to put everyone on the similar page. This could lead to high success. The goal without any specific clear-cut explanation has been sending team members off around various directions. Many organizations and leaders could not be specific regarding the beginning of the business. The others on the other side could move toward various interpretations confidently of the aims (Ullah Lai, 2013). Aims that have been clearly made linked the particular metrics and the time limits have been the most effective approach to do away with the damages. Conclusions: The customer feedback has been crucial for the components for any healthy rising business. Analyzing of customer feedbacks has delivered intelligence for making better decisions of business. On the other hand for entrepreneurial success the business model and the product development goals must be defined clearly. The properly determined goals have been delivering the destination that the members of the team could get behind. This helps to overcome obstacles and the roadblocks they have been encountered across the way. The entrepreneurs should clearly identify the goals at outset since those the people joining team could get motivated by the vision. Lastly it must be reminded that the goal description has been the ultimate destination. References: Bhatia, V., Bremner, S. (2014).The Routledge handbook of language and professional communication. Routledge. Chang, A., Kannan, P. V., Vijayaraghavan, R. (2017).U.S. Patent No. 9,536,269. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Fabijan, A., Olsson, H. H., Bosch, J. (2015, June). Customer feedback and data collection techniques in software RD: a literature review. InInternational Conference of Software Business(pp. 139-153). Springer International Publishing. Krn, S. (2014). Analysing customer satisfaction and quality in constructionthe case of public and private customers.Nordic journal of surveying and real estate research,2. Khodakarami, F., Chan, Y. E. (2014). Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), 27-42. Koetter, F., Kochanowski, M. (2015). A model-driven approach for event-based business process monitoring.Information Systems and e-Business Management,13(1), 5-36. Olsson, H. H., Bosch, J. (2015, June). Towards continuous customer validation: a conceptual model for combining qualitative customer feedback with quantitative customer observation. InInternational Conference of Software Business(pp. 154-166). Springer International Publishing. Ordenes, F. V., Theodoulidis, B., Burton, J., Gruber, T., Zaki, M. (2014). Analyzing customer experience feedback using text mining: A linguistics-based approach.Journal of Service Research,17(3), 278-295. Slawinski, N., Bansal, P. (2015). Short on time: Intertemporal tensions in business sustainability.Organization Science,26(2), 531-549. Spruit, M., Vroon, R., Batenburg, R. (2014). Towards healthcare business intelligence in long-term care: An explorative case study in the Netherlands.Computers in Human Behavior,30, 698-707. Ullah, A., Lai, R. (2013). A systematic review of business and information technology alignment.ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS),4(1), 4. Ward, J. (2016).Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Springer.

Sweating in Myocardial Infarction System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sweating in Myocardial Infarction System. Answer: Introduction: Common causes of myocardial infraction include smoking and alcohol consumption. Mr Savea is associated with both these factors responsible for the development of myocardial infraction. Risk factors responsible for the occurrence of myocardial infarction are old age, family history, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes mellitus, increase in cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels. Lack of exercise and stress also plays important role in the development of myocardial infraction. Approximately 35 % with smoking, 22 % with obesity, 10 % with lack of exercise and 4 % with stress, are prone to the development of myocardial infraction. Mr Savea is old person and having obesity, high cholesterol level and high blood pressure which are mainly responsible for the occurrence of myocardial infarction in Mr. Savea (Chong et al., 2011; Mehta et al., 2014). Myocardial infarction can lead to the development of stable angina. Angina is a condition with chest pain. This chest pain occurs due to the less supply of blood to heart muscle. Angina developed because myocardium couldnt meet its demand of blood supply. Mitral valve stenosis is responsible for the occurrence of systemic embolism which leads to the myocardial infarction (Cardoz et al. 2015). Currently 16.0 million people are associated with myocardial infarction worldwide. In US, approximately 1 million people have myocardial infarction each year. Myocardial infarction is the fifth most expensive hospitalization. Risk of death in patients with myocardial infarction is approximately 10 %. It has been observed that risk factors responsible for myocardial infarction are same in almost all the geographic regions and racial/ethnic groups. 1-5 numbers of cigarettes smoking per day can lead to the increase 42 % chances of myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction can negatively affect j ob of Mr. Savea as he would not be able to attend his job. Myocardial infarction can also affect social and psychological aspects of Mr. Savea. Due to disease condition, Mr. Savea may feel socially isolated because he cant meet his friends and society members due to hospitalization. He can not take part in social activities also. Myocardial infarction can also have psychological effect on him. He may feel depressed and his moral might be down due to diseases condition. Myocardial infarction can also have significant financial impact on the family. There would be more spending on the treatment of Mr. Savea as compared to the earning. Moreover, as he could not attend his job, earning would also be less. Family members would always be in stress due to diseased condition (Valensi et al., 2011). Shortness of breath is another symptom of myocardial infraction. Shortness of breath occurs due to damage to heart and reduced output from the left ventricle. This results in the left ventricular failure and consequently pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema results in the disturbance in the inhalation and exhalation of air. Reduced oxygen saturation may lead to the increased respiratory rate with short duration breathing, hence shortness of breath occurs in patients with myocardial infraction (Botker et al., 2016). Ischemic chest pain: Chest pain is the most significant symptoms of myocardial infraction. Chest pain mainly occurs due to the insufficient supply of blood to the myocardium. As a result, there is disturbed demand and supply of blood to the myocardium (Malik et al., 2013; Abed et al., 2015). Coma: Coma can occur due to insufficient blood supply to the brain. Due to inadequate blood supply to the brain, less amount oxygen supply to brain occurs. Due to this, there would be brain tissue death. As a result there would be brain dysfunction and occurrence of coma (Lu et al., 2015). Hyperhidrosis: In myocardial infarction hyperhidrosis occurs due to the increased firing of the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or fligt response. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to the stimulation of sweat glands which results in hyperhidrosis. Due to pain during myocardial infarction, there is increased release of hormones. This hormone release results in the faster heart rate and increased blood pressure, which results in the sweating. Hyperhidrosis is the good predictor of the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (Gokhroo et al., 2016). Lethargy: Lethargy occurs in patients with myocardial infarction due to insufficient supply of blood to the tissues. As a result, there is less metabolic activity in the cells and less ATP generation (Abed et al., 2015). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and beta-blocker drugs can be used for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme is the important component of the reninangiotensin system. ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I (AI) to angiotensin II (AII). This result in the reduced arteriolar resistance, increased venous capacity, reduced cardiac output and volume and reduced resistance in blood vessels. Inhibition of this enzyme results in the dilatation of the blood vessels, reduced blood pressure and decreased demand of blood by the heart. ACE inhibitors also have central activity with stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system activity in patients with myocardial infarction. ACE inhibitors can also reduce plasma norepinephrine levels and reduces its vasoconstriction effects. Most common examples of ACE inhibitors include zofenopril, perindopril, trandolapril, captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, and ramipril. Most common si de effects of ACE inhibitors include hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and renal impairment. ACE inhibitors should be started in the patients within 24 hour of myocardial infarction attack. ACE inhibitors are more useful in patients with ST elevation MI (STEMI) as compared to the non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI). ACE inhibitors can also improve duration of survival of patients with myocardial infarction (Lubarsky and Coplan, 2007). Beta blockers are specifically useful for the prevention of second attack of myocardial infarction. Beta blockers act as competitive antagonist of the endogenous catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine receptors on adrenergic beta receptors. Available beta blockers can block all beta adrenergic receptors and can block individual beta receptors like 1, 2 and 3 receptors. Bisoprolol, carvedilol, and sustained-release metoprolol are particularly useful as adjunct therapies for ACE inhibitors and diuretics in myocardial infarction (Bangalore et al., 2014). In addition to the 1 sympatholytic activity, beta blockers also act on the rennin-aniotensin system and decrease secretion of rennin. Beta blockers produce decreased oxygen demand by reducing heart rate, blood pressure and contractibility of the blood vessels and consequently ischemic chest pain relief. Beta blockers also produce reduced ventricular fibrillation by increasing ventricular fibrillation threshold (Kezerashvili et al., 2012). Beta blockers are also useful in reducing infract size and preventing development of definite infraction. Nursing strategies: Pain management: Nurse should monitor for the characteristic of pain in Mr. Savea He should verbalise his pain and also it should be collected through non-verbal cues. Pain should be assessed on scale of 0 to 10 and it should be compared with earlier episodes of pain. Pain should be characterized based on duration, intensity and radiation. Mr. Savea should be instructed to report pain immedietly and correctly. Mr. Savea should be provided with quiet and comfortable environment. He should be assisted in relaxation techniques like deep breathing and distraction from the pain. He should be administered with medications like antianginals like nitroglycerin, beta blockers like propranolol and analgesis like morphine (Harker et al., 2014; Carville et al., 2014). Anxiety and Activity intolerance: Mr. Saveas behavior like withdrawal and denial from tests and medication consumption should be noted. Verbal and non-verbal signs of anxiety should be noticed in Mr. Savea. Nurse should give him confidence of improvement in his condition, information about the routine procedures, and information about the medications. He should be taking into confidence prior to implementation of nursing intervention (Harker et al., 2014; Carville et al., 2014). Mr. Savea should increase his activity level in the graded manner. It includes getting up and sitting along with progressive ambulation. Nurse should monitor for the intolerance in activities and provide required intervention for the same (Oh et al., 2013). Cardiac output and tissue perfusion: Blood pressure should be assessed in both the arms and in different positions like lying, standing and sitting. Pulse rate and breathing rate should be recorded. Blood pressure and pulse rate should be recorded with respect to the different activities and appropriate rest should be provided. Light meal should be provided with the exclusion of caffeinated and carbonated drinks. Assessment should be done for cardiac output, ECG, chest X-ray and laboratory tests like cardiac enzymes, ABG (arterial blood gas) and electrolytes. Antidysrhythmic drugs treatment should be initiated. Mr. Savea should be assisted in the insertion of pacemaker (Oh et al., 2013). Nurse should monitor for sudden change in the anxiety, lethargy and confusion in Mr. Savea. Peripheral pulse rate should be monitored. Food consumption and urine output should be recorded. Erythema and edema should be monitored. Mr. Savea should be encouraged to perform leg exercise. Laboratory tests should be performed to evaluate ABGs, BUN, prothrombin time, creatinine, and electrolytes. Mr. Savea should be administered with anticoagulant and antacid drugs. After consultation with the doctor, nurse should order for reperfusion therapy in Mr. Savea (Anderson and Taylor, 2014). Fluid volume: Decrease in cardiac output should be noted and fluid balance should be calculated. Fluid intake should be maintained at 2000 mL/24 hr which is in the range of cardiovascular tolerance. Low sodium food and liquid should be administered with administration of the antidiuretic medication (Harker et al., 2014). Information about medication : Nurse should assess his knowledge about the disease and medications. Based on his level of knowledge, nurse should educate him about disease pathology, symptoms and medications. Nurse should also give information about the risk factors, dietary requirements and symptoms which require immediate attention. He should keep himself away from triggering factors like alcohol and smoking. Nurse should educate him to reduce body weight (Oh et al., 2013; Anderson and Taylor, 2014). References: Abed, M.A., Ali, R.M., AbuRas, M.M., Hamdallah, F.O., Khalil, A.A., and Moser, D.K. (2015). Symptoms of acute myocardial infarction: A correlational study of the discrepancy between patients' expectations and experiences. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(10), 1591-9. Anderson, L., and Taylor, R.S. (2014). Cardiac rehabilitation for people with heart disease: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 12, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011273. Bangalore, S., Makani, H., Radford, M., Thakur, K., et al., (2014). Clinical outcomes with -blockers for myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. The American Journal of Medicine. 127(10), 93953. Botker, M. T., Stengaard, C., Andersen, M. S., Sondergaard, H. M., et al., (2016). Dyspnea, a high-risk symptom in patients suspected of myocardial infarction in the ambulance? A population-based follow-up study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 24, 15. doi: 10.1186/s13049-016-0204-9. Carville, S.F., Henderson, R., and Gray, H. (2015). The acute management of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Clinical Medicine, 15(4), 362-7. Cardoz, J., Jayaprakash, K., and George, R. (2015). Mitral stenosis and acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Proceedings (Baylor University Medical Center), 28(2), 207209. Chong, E., Shen, L., Tan, H.C., and Poh, K.K. (2011). A cohort study of risk factors and clinical outcome predictors for patients presenting with unstable angina and non ST segment elevation myorardial infraction undergoing coronary intervention. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 66(3), 249-52. Gokhroo, R. K., Ranwa, B. L., Kishor, K., Priti, K., et al., (2016). Sweating: A Specific Predictor of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among the Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Sweating In Myocardial Infarction (SWIMI) Study Group. Clinical Cardiology, 39(2), 9095 (2016) Harker, M., Carville, S., Henderson, R., Gray, H. (2014). Key recommendations and evidence from the NICE guideline for the acute management of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Heart, 100(7), 536-43. Kezerashvili, A., Marzo, K., and De Leon, J. (2012). Beta Blocker Use After Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Patient with Normal Systolic Function: When is it Ok to Discontinue? Current Cardiology Reviews, 8(1), 7784. Lu, L., Liu, M., Sun, R., Zheng, Y., and Zhang, P. (2015). Myocardial Infarction: Symptoms and Treatments. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 72(3), 865-7. Lubarsky, L., and Coplan, N. L. (2007). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Clinical Approach. Preventive Cardiology, 10(3), 156159. Oh, J.H., Kim, C., Yang, M.J., An, S.G., Lee, H.W., et al., (2013). Effects of contemporary management on clinical outcomes in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology, 168(1), 572-3. Malik, M. A., Khan, S. A., Safdar, S., and Taseer, I. (2013). Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 29(2), 565568. Mehta, P.K., Wei, J., and Wenger, N.K. (2014). Ischemic heart disease in women: A focus on risk factors. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 25(2), 140151. Valensi, P., Lorgis, L., Cottin, Y., Cottin, L. (2011). Prevalence, incidence, predictive factors and prognosis of silent myocardial infarction: a review of the literature. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, 104(3), 17888.