Friday, August 28, 2020

Moral Issues in the Abortion

Chapter by chapter guide Introduction Summary of the article Rhetorical investigation Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The issue premature birth existed in mankind since days of yore and it has gone on till today. Regardless of whether fetus removal is ethically right or wrong to a great extent relies upon one’s own feeling about the issue. The ethical power end of life lies in the possession of the mother in spite of the impact of the general public about the issue. This paper takes a gander at how the writer bolsters the contention that it is an ethical obligation for the mother not to carry undesirable posterity into the world.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Moral Issues in the Abortion explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Summary of the article Sawyer, a mother of two children has encountered the stuff to bring a kid into this world. Her understanding of her pregnancy relied upon her present circumstance. She would term pregnanc y as a child when she was arranged and needed to have an infant yet additionally deciphered equivalent to a gathering of cells when she didn’t need anything to do with the infant. She professed to have a difference in thought in the wake of having the two children. She consented to the way that premature birth is an appallingly awful encounter. She bolsters the way that premature birth is not really upheld by the general public even in the cases that are upheld by the law. The general public is said to mark the mother supplier of life yet restrains her directly over the equivalent. The mother is required to convey to term each kid considered regardless of the expense and that as indicated by the general public is the genuine parenthood. Sawyer can't help contradicting the dubious contention on when life starts and rather inclines toward ladies to have the authority over life and not life contention. In the wake of having her two children she comprehended what it intended to c arry important life to earth. She contended that a mother ought to be allowed to bring just the needed kid onto the earth. Logical investigation Sawyer communicates how she beforehand firmly put stock in genius decision women's activist development like color in the fleece. Those were the days that she accepted that pregnancy implied life in her and she had obligation to protect it. She clarified how by getting herself pregnant, and understanding what obliges it her eyes appeared to open to another idea about reserving the privilege to decide the destiny of the baby. She causes us to identify with ladies by the manner in which she pictures the experience they typically experience during fetus removal â€Å"Of course, it’s frightfully horrible, no lady goes into this lightly† (Moran 1). This shows ladies don't care for it and that they just do it as a last resort.Advertising Looking for paper on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first pap er with 15% OFF Learn More To them it's anything but a wonderful encounter and as such we ought to comprehend their problem when they decide to have a premature birth. Her interests about how the general public doesn’t care about the scrape of the lady are felt in her view on the remain of the general public which has zero resilience to fetus removal even in the most freed society. The general public is one-sided in its judgment about premature birth as it doesn't take a gander at the helpful side of fetus removal. Jokes about issues to do with fetus removal are uncommon and issues concerning premature birth are scarcely talked about as much as different less significant issues. She causes us to see how one-sided the general public treats fetus removal. As indicated by her, nobody urges a lady to talk about the positive side of fetus removal. The incongruity on the issue of premature birth is obviously observed on her depiction of the lady as â€Å"Mother, delicate supplier of life† as per the general public and her job closes there. It is amusing that the delicate provider of life can't settle on further choices about the existence that she has the position to make in any case. As per her, the general public has no emotions about what the ladies experience because of undesirable originations they are required to continue independent of â€Å"how troublesome or ruinous, in light of the fact that her adoration would be incredible enough for anything† (Moran 1) unquestionably this isn't what anybody would need for a lady. At such conditions it is astute to let ladies have fetus removal instead of let them experience an awful encounter all for the sake of adoration. Sawyer gives a solid contention that anybody can seemingly deal with. The general public has invested so much time and vitality on the conversation about the uncertain discussion on when life starts. Without a reasonable definition on when life starts then the lady is constantly l eft with no ethical decision. Rather she advocates for a very surprising idea of letting the lady have the territory over life and furthermore the domain over not-life. Along these lines she accepts that the lady will never need to experience hellfire all for the sake of womanhood however rather will have the choice to end life on the off chance that she feels that it completely reasonable to attempt the training on moral grounds. She can't just see how nature can be one-sided as to give the lady capacity to make, have, asylum, sustain and secure life but then not enable her to end it too particularly when its reality will be cataclysmic. Anyway she isn't upholding for baseless and outlandish premature births. It might be contended that she experienced a change time after she had her two kids. Her experience through the furious multi month time span the work torments, thinking about the sensitive new conceived, spending through restless evenings and giving all the nurturing bolster care and most significant love to the infant who required something beyond adoration from a committed steady and a willing mother changed her discernment and feeling about the issue of abortion.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Moral Issues in the Abortion explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More By understanding the prerequisites of being a sensible mother she didn’t delay having a fetus removal after the conviction since she comprehended what another kid would have intended for her. She was not the slightest bit arranged for bringing one more life in to the world and watch as her effectively glad family experience focusing on minutes and besides she was at that point burnt out on all the pressure that goes with giving life and hence was defended to end the pregnancy. By taking a gander at the case like this it was simple for her to settle on the choice effectively and without moral blame. Furthermore, still she didn’t need to face a c hallenge on such a significant issue (Head 1; Summary 1). The general public as she puts it typically goes over the edge when managing premature birth. She contends that enemy of premature birth campaigners base their contentions about the holiness of life however she still can’t comprehend why the issue of sacredness possibly comes in when individuals are discussing fetus removal and never referenced when other sacredness of dangerous cases, for example, Vladimir Putin. This may propose that the issue of holiness of life isn't in accordance with some basic honesty and is just utilized as an apparatus of mistreatment of ladies (Newman and Newman 2). She needs us to unmistakably comprehend her feeling about premature birth by contending that the world would be a superior spot to live in if there were significantly less shrewd individuals in it. She feels that it might be far much legitimate to end an early pregnancy than deliver an undesirable kid who might be an issue to the previously existing family or even the general public. It is as yet amusing that as indicated by her most of mankind’s agonies is credited to despondent youngsters who grew up to be irate grown-ups. She contends that such events are accused on ladies but then the general public doesn’t give her the command to end the issue at its root. As she finishes up she needs it to be evident that premature birth ought to be taken as â€Å"intelligent, coherent, unassuming, merciful thing to do† (Moran 1) and eventually as a demonstration of good mothering. End The issue of premature birth requests a basic idea in all points of view. The creator has communicated her feeling concerning the issue of fetus removal. By giving her own experience as a lady, she had the option to catch the contention regarding why fetus removal is ethically directly by mixing her own difficulty and the real factors of life.Advertising Searching for article on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The general public was portrayed as coldhearted and amusing in that it gave a few rights and took them with the other hand. In spite of the fact that she doesn’t advocate for unjustified premature births she emphatically concurs that ladies ought to be left to utilize the order given to them naturally in an ethical manner. Works Cited Head, Tom. Is premature birth now lawful in each state? Living Liberties, 2011. Web. Moran, Caitlin. Fetus removal: why it’s a definitive nurturing act. The Sunday Times, 2007. Web. Newman, B and Newman, Phillips. Improvement through Life: A Psychosocial. New York, NY. 2008. Print. Synopsis. Outline of Abortion Laws around the globe. Pregnant Pause, 2002. Web. This paper on Moral Issues in the Abortion was composed and put together by client Gianna A. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

B-2 bomber :: essays research papers

WHAT IS THE B-2 BOMBER?      Stealth Aircraft, military airplane, contenders, and planes intended to escape location and following frameworks, for example, radar and infrared observing. Secrecy innovation is utilized to veil unmanned items, for example, voyage rockets. The United States is a world head in creating and sending covertness innovation, albeit much about its program stays arranged.      Stealth innovation incorporates an assortment of configuration includes that influence an airplane signal, likewise called its mark, on following frameworks. These highlights incorporate an airplane shape and the materials used to manufacture it. For instance, it is more diligently for a radar to identify an airplane that has smooth and adjusted bends. Uncommon composite materials or coatings on the outside of an airplane can assimilate or divert radar signals. Motors set inside the body of the airplane and fumes vents might be orchestrated to veil the warmth originating from motors and help conceal an airplane from heat looking for sensors. Lessening the clamor and vibrations created by covertness airplane may likewise limit its acoustic mark. Likewise, secrecy airplane are outfitted with unique gadgets for smothering or befuddling adversary checking frameworks.      Since the utilization of radar during World War II (1939-1945), flying corps worldwide have attempted to create strategies for confounding radar or making it ineffectual. Early endeavors at this incorporated the focused on airplane endeavoring to electronically stick radar or to discharge metallic strips to create bogus readings. Be that as it may, in the 1950’s and 60’s, new electronic following strategies and the new waves formulated to befuddle them stayed up with each other, inciting military architects to search for approaches to totally veil airplane.      American aeronautical designer Clarence L.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Particular historical event Essay Example

Specific chronicled occasion Essay Example Specific chronicled occasion Essay Specific chronicled occasion Essay The young ladies initially went into the backwoods that truly mirror the madness in the town. As more individuals are charged, their showcases become increasingly detailed, and with Abigail at their head, they didn't have the foggiest idea when to stop. Mill operator shows that these exhausted young ladies made a great deal of harm the network and impacted the world forever from what started as a pleasant night in the timberland. Did the young ladies do this for consideration? Is one inquiry that emerges from the play. As of now ever, ladies had a constrained job in the public arena. Before they were hitched, they filled in as hirelings and a short time later; all they needed to anticipate as turning out to be was Goody when they did in the end wed. Their lives were unremarkable thus they took the game excessively far, not understanding how genuine the outcomes would be. The structure of The Crucible is reliable through every one of the four demonstrations. They all start reasonably unobtrusively and pave the way to the crescendo toward the finish of the demonstration. Also, thusly, every one of the demonstrations hinted at the finale in the fourth demonstration. Working up for a bigger scope, despite the fact that in a comparable configuration to the different acts. Miller takes a very notable recorded occasion and uses it to make writing, he does this by utilizing truth beyond what many would consider possible, however adding his own turn to it. There were presumably definitely more genuine individuals than characters, however once more (as in Mr Wroes Virgins) to cast them the sum total of what might have been excessively profound. So Miller utilizes a chosen few characters to put over the social noteworthiness of this occasion. The kind of language utilized by each creator is pertinent to the time in which they have set their content. The characters in The Crucible have their own lingo and highlight, and Miller attempts to put this across by dropping the g from words finishing ing. Additionally in The Crucible, they split the sentence and spot the subject either in the center or the finish of the sentence, and the subject and action word are utilized out of order. For instance, Look you or Sit you down. They confound the past tense and utilize the word were rather than was, Proctor was irate however portrays it was, it were a temper, one would generally say, I was furious, or I had a temper The characters also utilize the word be instead of is. Anyway the language that Rogers utilizes in Mr Wroes Virgins is genuinely scriptural. It is more evolved in sentence structure than that utilized in The Crucible, and this is for the most part because of two reasons the predominant topic in Mr Wroes Virgins is religion and the language mirrors this. The people group was very church based and would have spoken as such as individuals would in general figure out how to peruse the book of scriptures. Joanna is the most strict of the young ladies in Mr Wroes Virgins and this is especially obvious in her discourse; she sees herself as a handmaiden and the entirety of the young ladies were to call each other sister. This is additionally appeared in Martha, she is educated to peruse by Joanna and she takes in this from the holy book. As she advances towards turning out to be increasingly human she understands that she feels, strong delights, this is an expression from a song, which she comprehends on account of the manner in which she feels, and furthermore when she recognizes her transforming from a stone and now has life. Mr Wroe is obviously, exceptionally scriptural, mentioning the young ladies for solace and help, which means: help and backing in harsh occasions. A large portion of the language is genuinely like current discourse, with comparative sentence structure however increasingly antiquated utilization. The two authors utilize notable recorded occasions to make writing; and in light of the fact that they didn't have the foggiest idea about the entirety of the realities that went towards making the specific authentic occasion thus by including their own pinch of imagination they bring the occasions alive for the peruser. Rogers thought most about Mr Wroe as far as characterisation and authentic foundation, anyway she doesn't concentrate on him. For the peruser the novel spins around the young ladies, however the young ladies lives rotate around Mr Wroe. Rogers utilized her insight into Mr Wroes life, for instance his expectations over cholera and the utilization of trains to develop the story, however just gives Wroes foundation in the Historical note. Mill operator additionally utilized information on the witch preliminaries to make his play with however much exactness to numerous occasions as could reasonably be expected. The narrative of Abigail and John Proctor is valid and albeit numerous individuals are not referenced, because of the sheer number of them, The destiny of each character is actually that of the verifiable model, and there is nobody in the show who didn't play a comparable and now and again the very same job ever.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Research Paper Writing Help - How to Get the Research Paper Writing Help That You Need

Research Paper Writing Help - How to Get the Research Paper Writing Help That You NeedWriting a research paper is very important for anyone in the school or university world. Students have to write papers about various topics to do a study or give an exam. They have to write several papers each semester and work hard at it. It is not easy though but with the right research paper writing help, you can get the research paper that you want and also give out good grades.First thing you need to do when you are getting a research paper written is finding out some research papers tips. You will find a lot of internet resources that are providing such a service. The most important thing you need to remember when writing the research paper is to come up with your own research paper writing help.This is the best way to know if you are doing a good job in writing the research paper. The research paper writing help can be the help you need when you are going for your dissertation or thesis on yo ur own or when you are doing a project for a class.There are many other things you need to think about when writing your own research paper. The first thing you need to do is to find out about some resources that are providing such services. You can search the internet or you can visit some universities to see their research papers. Once you get an idea of what you need to do, you can start on your research.If you are not very good at writing a research paper then you can ask for help from a college or university. This is a great way to get the research paper writing help you need. You can also ask your teacher if he or she can help you.You should always look for someone who is experienced in this field. Most of the times, people want to know how to get their research paper to go well. You need someone who can advise you on things that you need to know and advise you on how to prepare your paper. Many research papers are needed for graduation or another formal purpose.You need to th ink about this when you need to write your research paper. You need to check out how good the research paper writing help is so that you can get the best help possible. There are many different resources you can use to get the research paper writing help that you need. So go ahead and check out these resources and get the research paper writing help that you need.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Cultural Diversity A Health Care Professional - 1396 Words

As a health care professional you should be aware of cultural diversity. Cultural diversity is the existence of different ethnic groups in the same society. It is important to be knowledgeable about cultural diversity so you can understand and respect someone else who has their own unique way of doing things in their life. The United States is one of the countries that have the most cultural diversity. One of the cultures that exist in the United States is the Mexican culture. Mexicans come from Central American Indians, Native Americans, Spanish, and Africans. The majority of Mexican immigrants live in Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Florida, New Mexico, and Texas. However, Los Angeles has the highest Mexican population. People†¦show more content†¦In Mexico about 85% of the population is Catholic, 10% is Protestants and less than 5% are Jewish. As a result, health care professionals should keep in mind different religious traditions. For example, Catholics have sp ecial requests when dealing with ill people. It’s important for Catholics to have sacraments and blessings before surgery and whenever they are at risk of death. When a patient is near death, they might request a priest to offer them â€Å"Sacrament of the Sick†. Some Catholics patients would want to maintain religious objects such as rosary, scapula or a religious metal during the procedures. Therefore, the health care professional should discuss the options that they have dealing with their objects. For instance, the patient could have their object seal in a bag to prevent contamination during the procedure, but if the object contains metal and they are going to have a radiological test then the family would have to bring in a non-metal object. In addition, patients who are Catholics might request non-meat diets during the late-winter time of Lent which is 40 days before Easter. Besides, the Mexicans people also light candles and pray for Saints. Each saint has a uni que as well general religious function. For example, St. Peregrine is associated with cancer, St. Joseph is associated with dying and Our Lady of Lourdes is related to the bodily ills. When a person gets sick the people who care about them and believe in this religion will pray to one of

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Explication of Wallace Stevens Snowman - 1399 Words

Wallace Stevens explores the perception of a January winter scene in his poem â€Å"The Snow Man.† The poem occurs over the space of five unrhymed stanzas, three lines each, and is contained to a single, deceptively simple sentence. Within this sentence, semicolons split up the viewer’s actions as the speaker expands on the necessities of the scenery. Rather than that which is perceived, it is the act of perception on which the poem focuses, and passive verbs predominantly characterize this central action, imposing conditions on the viewer and the winter scene which is viewed. In this way, the poem is concerned with unification of time and distance, organizing a single instance of perception into multiple actions as the viewer’s mind and body†¦show more content†¦At the peak of winter, trees are â€Å"shagged with ice,† having sat in one place for the duration of the season. The mind of winter which regards the scene is therefore required to have sat still alongside the scenery, and so the adjectives describing the trees should be read as interchangeable with those describing the viewer. In the sense that trees with rough textures are made rougher by the frost, the onslaught of winter only reinforces what was already an aspect of nature, unifying what has been and what is. Though trees may take on an organic, shifting quality as they continue to grow, the junipers and spruces of this poem, already prickly harsh, are frozen in these perpetual states by the cold. Junipers, harsh trees meant to last through the winter, are â€Å"shagged with ice,† so that the ice only exaggerates what was already true about the texture of these trees. The same is true of the following line, in which spruces are made â€Å"rough in the distant glitter,† enforcing the preexisting nature of evergreens, as they remain the same throughout the year. The second stanza spills into the third without punctuation to create a pause. The space between the two stanzas seems to reinforce the distance of â€Å"the distant glitter // of the January sun,† which puts an end to the second sub-act of perception, as there is a semicolon after â€Å"sun.† In explicitly citing the month, the speaker has at the beginning of the third stanza finally grounded the poem in a specific

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Business Strategies of Circuit City Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategies of Circuit City. Answer: Introduction Circuit City which was built in the year 1949 by Samuel S. Wurtzel was launched for the first time in Richmond in Virginia under the name Wards Company. The company at first opened as a retail store that started its business by marketing television and home appliances. In the year 1959, the company launched its first four stores and became public in the year 1961 and earned a revenue of $246 million in the year 1983 (Campbell 2014). However, the company struggled to run its business by the end of 2008 when it closes its 155 stores. The last nail on the coffin was struck when in the year 2009, the company ultimately decided the liquidation of its assets by closing 567 stores where 34,000 people used to work. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons behind the failure of the company. This suggests that the report will discuss the business strategies that were implemented by the company. The scope of the study is to discuss and implement the strategies that will help the company to perform and compete efficiently in the long run. Analysis Circuit city was an electrical appliance company that first launched in the year 1949 by Samuel S. Wurtzel in the Richmond city of Virginia. The company at first came up as retail store under the name Wards and started its business by selling television and electrical home appliances. In the year 1959, the company launched its first four stores and became public in the year 1961 and earned a revenue of $246 million in the year 1983 (Kim, and Min, 2015). Gradually, within the year 1969 to 1982, the company started growing by purchasing quite a few retailers of electronic appliances across the United States and changed its name from Wards to Circuit City which enabled the company to enroll its name in the New York Stock Exchange. The revenue of the company continued to increase reaching $2 billion in the year 1990 and the company launched a subsidiary store of name CarMax, that stared selling used vehicles in the year 1993 (Bertuglia, Bianchi and Mela 2012). In the year 2002, the compa ny declared that in order to focus completely on the consumer electronics retails, the company would sell its subsidiary CarMax. Till this the situations were stable, but by the late 2008, the company were in a state of serious trouble for which its 155 stores were closed. The company ultimately shut down in the year 16th January 2009 when it closed down its 567 stores in which 34000 employees used to work (Hava et al. 2014). The main reason for the failure of the company that has been cited by the CEO is the companys incompetent business strategies. According to the CEO of the company the business strategies which were formed during the launching of the company was not efficient enough to compete with the business models of the modern companys like Best Buy (Rothaermel 2015). The main focus of Circuit City was on the short-term profit of the company while the focus of Best Buy was on the business strategies of the company. Conclusion The report concludes by stating the major differences of business strategies between Circuit City and Best Buy. While Circuit City paid attention to the short term profit of the company, Best Buy focused on the sales from its newly created stores. Thus, the purpose of the research clearly points out the business strategies that should have been executed by Circuit City to compete effectively with Best Buy. References Bertuglia, C.S., Bianchi, G. and Mela, A. eds., 2012.The city and its sciences. Springer Science Business Media. Campbell, T.A., 2014. What could have been done? Circuit city: A case study ofmanagement and employee performance failure.Performance Improvement,53(4), pp.16-23. Hava, A., Qin, J., Bernstein, J.B. and Bot, Y., 2013, January. Integrated circuit reliability prediction based on physics-of-failure models in conjunction with field study. InReliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS), 2013 Proceedings-Annual (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Kim, S.K. and Min, S., 2015. Business model innovation performance: When does adding a new business model benefit an incumbent?Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), pp.34-57. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education.

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

Anti Oppression Pcs Model Essay Example

Anti Oppression Pcs Model Paper Evaluate the importance of anti oppressive practice in social work. Illustrate your answer using the PCS model. Within this essay the areas in which discrimination and oppression occur will be highlighted and then evaluated to show how ‘good’ anti oppressive/ discriminative practice within social work can ‘aid’ and empower service users who are in groups that experience oppression and discrimination to overcome their problems. Gil (1994) states that â€Å"the conditions that cause people to seek help from social services are usually direct or indirect consequences of social, economic, and political institutions, and he profession of social work is ethically committed to promote social justice. Insights into oppression and social justice, and into ways of overcoming them, are therefore essential aspects of the foundations of social work knowledge†. In addition to this, this essay will discuss the importance for social workers to have a clear understand ing that â€Å"discrimination is the process (or a set of processes) that leads to oppression† and that in order â€Å"To challenge oppression, it is therefore necessary to challenge discrimination. (Thompson 2001) This essay will draw attention to the importance of this understanding as within social work practice there is a danger that social workers could reinforce the oppression and discrimination against their service user, â€Å" There is no middle ground: intervention either adds to oppression (or at least condones it) or goes some small way towards easing or breaking such oppression. † (Thompson 1992) Thompson’s PCS model is extremely useful in aiding social workers to accurately examine and understand the impact that oppression, discrimination and inequality has on the â€Å"social circumstances of clients† and on the â€Å"interactions between clients and the welfare state. † (Thompson, 2001) The first level of Thompson’s PCS model ‘P’ relates to the importance that the personal â€Å"thoughts, feelings, attitudes and actions† (Thompson, 2001) of the service user are and it also represents how the service user’s interests and ideas should be at the centre of good anti-discriminatory/oppressive social work practice. This level also demonstrates how personal prejudices (such as stereotyping) can influence the way in which social workers relate to their service user and can prevent social workers from practicing in an anti-discriminatory/oppressive manner. It therefore is vital that social workers understand the importance of eliminating oppression and discrimination from their lives as well as their practice as â€Å"There would seem to be little point in developing anti-discriminatory practice within a work context if we contribute to the continuation of discrimination and oppression through our actions and attitudes in our private lives. (Thompson, Men and Anti-Sexism, 1995). Social workers should remain aware that our personal â€Å"thoughts, feelings, attitudes and actions are to a certain extent unique and individualised, but we must also recognise the powerful role of culture in forming our opinions and guiding our actions† (Thompson, 2001) through tools such as the â€Å"media and political propaganda† (Thompson, 2001) which can cause social workers to form personal prejudices and prevent them from remaining neutral, as their opinions will be influenced and this will inevitably impact on how they relate to certain service users when practising. We will write a custom essay sample on Anti Oppression Pcs Model specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Anti Oppression Pcs Model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Anti Oppression Pcs Model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Whitehouse (1986) supports this view, as he suggests that â€Å"if the social worker has stereotypical expectations and attitudes then he or she will tend to select information to confirm them. † He further suggests that this will have implications on the assessment as, if a social worker does make the â€Å"persons under assessment perceive themselves to be the object of a categorical or stereotypical assessment, they will tend to withdraw from interaction, to give as little information and collaboration as possible. † (Thompson, 2001) The second level of Thompson’s PCS model ‘C’ is the ‘cultural level’ and represents how society (through socialisation) influences the way we think and behave by enforcing shared social values and cultural norms; â€Å"Society not only controls our movements, but shapes our identity, our thoughts and our emotions. The structures of society become the structure of our own consciousness. Society does not stop at the surface our skins. Society penetrates us† (Berger, 1966). Social workers must be aware about how â€Å"discriminatory culture can subtly but powerfully influence† (Thompson, 2001) them. They therefore should ensure that they are culturally aware and also prevent their own social values and culture norms from attempting to influence, discriminate or oppress any service user. In addition to this, social workers must appreciate and avoid whenever possible ‘light-hearted’ discriminatory humour as it may influence their practice and illustrate to their service user that they are supporting and reinforcing societies oppressive ideologies; which for many service users may be seen as offensive and may cause communication and trust between the social worker and service user to deteriorate. The third level of Thompson’s PCS model ‘S’ is the ‘structural level’ which â€Å"relates to the ways in which oppression and discrimination are institutionalised and thus ‘sewn in’ to the fabric of society. † (Thompson, 2001) â€Å"Racism is oppression based on colour. † (Bishop,1994) therefore social workers must be aware of the extent and impact that racism has on the wide range of ethnic minorities that they work with. They must be culturally aware and promote ethnically sensitive social work practice to ensure that the minority groups that they work with do not feel oppressed or discriminated against in any way. Therefore to develop a strong anti racist social work practice base, social workers must first have a clear understanding of the concepts that underpin racism. Racism is â€Å"a social system in which one group of people exercises power over another group on the basis of skin colour† because of â€Å"an implicit set of beliefs, erroneous assumptions, and actions based on an ideology of inherent superiority of one racial group over another† (Henry, Tator, Mattis and Rees 1995: pg 10) (Thompson,1997). Dalrymple and Burke, (1995) support this view as they suggest that â€Å"Oppression itself is a powerful force. On a personal level it can lead to demoralisation and lack of self-esteem, while at a structural level it can lead to denial of rights†. Thompson’s PCS model also effectively stresses the complex nature surrounding the issue of racism within society and social work. Thompson’s ‘P’ level suggests that â€Å"personal prejudices†¦ manifests itself much more subtly and we are not likely to be aware of it unless or until we are confronted†. Thompson, 2001) Thompson further implies that social workers may sometimes unintentionally perform racist acts simply by â€Å"reflecting dominant cultural values or carrying out routine institutional practices† (Thompson, 2001). Macpherson (1999) draws attention to this point even further, suggesting that â€Å"collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin. It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racist stereotyping which disadvantage minority ethnic people. † Another form of discrimination is sexism and â€Å"is the belief that one sex is superior to the other† (Dubois and Miley,1996) and this notion is based upon â€Å"a deep-rooted, often unconscious system of beliefs, attitudes and institutions in which distinctions between people’s intrinsic worth are made on the grounds of their sex and sexual roles (Bullock and Stallybrass,1977). Thompson’s PCS model reflects the extent in which sexism can oppress women (at all three levels, personal, cultural and structural) through â€Å"The beliefs and actions of individuals, the cultural values and norms and the institutional or structural patterns† which â€Å"all tend to display inherent bias against women† (Thompson, 2001). It is therefore vital that as social workers we ensure that we do not reinforce these sexist stereotypes and aim to work anti-oppressively; to do this we must understand that â€Å"It is not possible to understand the personal or social world without taking a gendered perspective. We are not able as professionals to intervene appropriately or justly in people’s lives unless we perceive the ways in which women are disadvantaged by an unequal dispersal of power and in which both men and women are constrained by over rigid and falsely dichotomised role and relationship expectations. † (Thompson, 2001). Examples to which sexist stereotypes can lead to oppression can be seen in child abuse and neglect cases. The stereotypical response would be to direct all the questions towards the mother however this can lead to â€Å"mother blaming and reinforcing the notion that women carry the primary responsibility for the family. Therefore in two parent families social workers should address both of the parents to avoid any discriminatory and oppressive practice. Another example where social work reinforces sexist stereotypes is within community care, where women are encouraged to fill caring positions as â€Å"sexist ideology leads us to believe that it is â €˜natural’ for women to be carers†. (Thompson, 2001). In addition to this as Rojek et al (1988) suggests, it common knowledge that social workers often represent women as â€Å"helpless and not coping in order to gain additional resources for them. Social workers should avoid this method as it can lead to the service user becoming dependant on this strategy of acting ‘helpless’ as a means of coping with any problem that they are presented with and therefore this is extremely oppressive and not empowering to the service user. Within the PCS model it is clear that in order to practice in an anti-sexist manner, social workers must challenge â€Å"dominant discriminatory attitudes, practices and structures† (Thompson, 2001) and highlight sexism in order to combat discrimination and oppression based on gender. In addition to this, yet another area in which social workers must practice in an anti-oppressive manner is when working with the elderly. Thompson (1993) defines ageism as a â€Å"tendency to devalue older people and overemphasize the negative aspects of later life† Thompson (1993) and suggests that it is a â€Å"social process through which negative images of and attitudes towards older people, based solely on the characteristics of old age itself, result in discrimination. † (Thompson, 2001). Butler (Phillipson, 2000) suggests that oppression occurs at all three levels of Thompson’s PCS model through â€Å"stereotypes†¦discriminatory practices in housing and employment† and a â€Å"defined retirement age. † Ontology explains the relationship between old age with the loss of meaning and selfhood in life. Through anti-oppressive social work practice it is vital that we allow old persons to keep their own values and dignity, and empower the individual (regardless of their age) to be independent and think for themselves whenever possible and encourage them to partake in outside activities that stimulate their minds and create a purpose in life. Disablism relates to the â€Å"combination of social forces, cultural values and personal prejudices which marginalises disabled people, portrays them in a negative light and thus oppresses them† (Thompson, 2001). Oliver (1989) supports this argument when defining the social model that underpins the concept of disablism he suggests that, â€Å"The rise of the disabled peoples movement and, especially, its definition of the problems of disability as a social oppression has given rise to the concept of disablism, which simply means any ideas or practices which contribute to oppression of disabled people rather than their emancipation. The individual model of disability, both as a set of idea and as a basis for practice, is itself disabilist in that it furthers the existing oppression of disabled people. † Using Thompson’s PCS analysis, disablism can be seen to operate at all three levels. At the personal level, personal prejudice toward disabled people is an everyday occurrence and is reflected through the attitudes and assumptions that are made about disabled people. At the cultural level, â€Å"Dominant cultural norms are usually geared towards the able bodied majority and popular notions present disabled people as either misfits or pathetic victims of personal tragedy† (Thompson, 2001) and as social workers we must not allow ourselves to participate in ‘light-hearted’ discriminatory humour (which is extremely discriminatory, oppressive, abusive and offensive) that reinforces these negative stereotypes. At the structural level the lack of consideration for people with disabilities with regards to access to public services and buildings leads to disabled people feeling â€Å"structurally/institutionally defined as a marginalised group ; that is, they do not feel as part of the ‘general public’. † (Thompson, 2001). Shearer (1981) argues that â€Å"the focus should be less on how disabled people can or should adjust to their impairment and more on how society can adjust to the needs of disabled people. † (Thompson, 1997). Traditional social work practice focuses primarily on practically â€Å"matching available services to assessed need† (Thompson, 1997). Oliver (1983) supports this view as he suggests that the practical approach is simply â€Å"the matching of resources within a legal and statutory framework. Social workers should therefore not simply use just the practical method without understanding the needs of the service user, as this can contribute enormously towards the discrimination and oppression of those with disabilities and therefore acts as â€Å"an additional form of oppression that is instrumental in constructing and image of disabled people as helpless and not able to contribute to mainstream society† (Thompson, 1997). Oliver (1987) goes onto further crit icise â€Å"the ‘professionalism’ of service for disabled people, on the assumption that the professionals know best what disabled people need and are in charge. The provision of services in such a way is at best at patronising, and at worst further disabling, since disabled people may be pushed into becoming passive recipients of the kinds of services other people think they ought to have. † Therefore to work anti oppressively when working with service users with disabilities, social workers should create a partnership with their service users instead of treating them as â€Å"dependent or childlike† they should see them as â€Å"an oppressed group who are denied the assistance they need† (Thompson,1997). In conclusion, the way forward for social work with regards to anti oppressive and discriminatory practice is to not follow the traditional social work guidelines which focus mainly on the â€Å"individual level with limited recognition to culture, values and shared meanings† (Thompson,1997); and to instead work in an anti discriminatory manner which focuses and is inclusive of all of Thompson’s (PCS model) three levels (personal, cultural and structural) and highlights and explains how they impact on one another and on the service user. Social workers should understand the importance of having a wide sophisticated knowledge base when it comes to working with oppressed groups as they can either be seen to be â€Å"challenging and undermining†¦ the discrimination that their clients are subject; or tactically condoning and thus reinforcing such discrimination. There is no middle road. † (Thompson,1997) Therefore it is key that all social workers partake in awareness training so that social workers can at the P level be aware and identify their personal prejudices etc and at the C level work towards challenging oppressive culture. Awareness training therefore begins the process of challenging and confronting discrimination† (Thompson,1997). References: Neil Thompson (1993), Anti-discriminatory practice, Palgrave Neil Thompson (1997), Anti-discriminatory practice, 2nd edition, Palgrave Neil Thompson (2001), Anti-discriminatory practice, 3rd edition, Palgrave Berger P. L (1966), Invitation to Sociology, Harmondsworth, Penguin Bullock and Stallybrass (1977), Cited from Thompson Anti discriminatory practice/ Neil Thompson, 3rd ed, Palgrave, 2001, Date accessed: December 21st 2009 Dalrymple and Burke, (1995), Anti Oppressive, Social Care and the Law, Buckingham, Open University Press Dubois and Miley, (1996), Cited from: http://aosw. socialwork. dal. ca/theory. html, Date accessed: December 29th 2009, December 21st 2009 Gil (1994), Cited from: http://aosw. socialwork. dal. ca/theory. html, Date accessed: December 29th 2009 Henry, F. , Tator, C. , Mathis, W. Rees, T. (1995), Cited from: http://aosw. socialwork. dal. ca/theory. tml, Date accessed: December 29th 2009 Macpherson (1999), Cited from: Anti-discriminatory practice / Neil Thompson, 3rd edition, Palgrave, 2001, Date accessed: December 22nd 2009 Oliver (1983), Shearer (1981), Cited from Thompson Anti discriminatory practice/ Neil Thompson, 2nd ed, Palgrave, 1997, Date accessed: January 10th 2010 Oliver (1987), Cited from Thompson Anti discriminatory practice/ Neil Thompson, 2nd ed, Palgrave, 1997, Date accessed: January 10th 2010 Oliver (1989), Cited from Thompson Anti discriminatory practice/ Neil Thompson, 3rd ed, Palgrave, 2001, Date accessed: December 23rd 2009 Phillipson (2000), Cited from: Anti-discriminatory practice / Neil Thompson, 3rd edition, Palgrave, 2001, Date accessed: December 24th 2009 Rojek et al (1988), Cited from Thompson Anti discriminatory practice/ Neil Thompson, 3rd ed, Palgrave, 2001, Date accessed: December 26th 2009 Shearer (1981), Cited from Thompson Anti discriminatory practice/ Neil Thompson, 2nd ed, Palgrave, 1997, Date accessed: January 10th 2010 Thompson, Men and Anti-Sexism, (1995), Cited from http://bjsw. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/reprint/25/4/459, Date accessed: 22nd December 2009 Whitehouse. P, (1986), Cited from: Anti-discriminatory practice / Neil Thompson, 3rd edition, Palgrave, 2001, Date accessed: December 24th 2009 Bibliography: Neil Thompson (1993), Anti-discriminatory practice, Palgrave Neil Thompson (1997), Anti-discriminatory practice, 2nd edition, Palgrave Neil Thompson (2001), Anti-discriminatory practice, 3rd edition, Palgrave Berger P. L (1966), Invitation to Sociology, Harmondsworth, Penguin Bullock and Stallybrass (1977), Dictionary of Modern Thought, London, Fontana Davies (2000), The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Social Work, Oxford, Blackwell Dalrymple and Burke, (1995), Anti Oppressive, Social Care and the Law, Buckingham, Open University Press Henry, F. , Tator, C. , Mathis, W. Rees, T. (1995). The Colour of Democracy:Racism in Canadian Society. Toronto: Harcourt Press. Macpherson Report (1999), The Stephen Lawerence Inquiry, http://www. archive. official-documents. co. k/document/cm42/4262/4262. htm, Date accessed: December 30th 2009 Peter Burke and Jonathan Parker (2007), Rojek et al (1988), Social Work and Received Ideas, London, Routledge Social work and disadvantage: addressing the roots of stigma through association (2007), Peter Burke and Jonathan Parker, Jessica Kingsley Publishers Thompson, Men and Anti-Sexism, (1995), Cited from http://bjsw. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/reprint/25/4/459, Date accessed: 22 nd December 2009 Whitehouse. P, (1986), Race and the Criminal Justice System, in Coobe and Little (1986)

Thursday, March 12, 2020

Yeats and The Symbolism of Poetry

Yeats and 'The Symbolism of Poetry' One of the greatest poets of the 20th century and a recipient of the Nobel Prize, William Butler Yeats spent his early childhood in Dublin and Sligo before moving with his parents to London. His first volumes of poetry, influenced by the symbolism of William Blake and Irish folklore and myth, are more romantic and dreamlike than his later work, which is generally more highly regarded. Composed in 1900, Yeatss influential essay The Symbolism of Poetry offers an extended definition of symbolism and a meditation on the nature of poetry in general. The Symbolism of Poetry    Symbolism, as seen in the writers of our day, would have no value if it were not seen also, under one disguise or another, in every great imaginative writer, writes Mr. Arthur Symons in The Symbolist Movement in Literature, a subtle book which I cannot praise as I would, because it has been dedicated to me; and he goes on to show how many profound writers have in the last few years sought for a philosophy of poetry in the doctrine of symbolism, and how even in countries where it is almost scandalous to seek for any philosophy of poetry, new writers are following them in their search. We do not know what the writers of ancient times talked of among themselves, and one bull is all that remains of Shakespeares talk, who was on the edge of modern times; and the journalist is convinced, it seems, that they talked of wine and women and politics, but never about their art, or never quite seriously about their art. He is certain that no one who had a philosophy of his art, or a theory of ho w he should write, has ever made a work of art, that people have no imagination who do not write without forethought and afterthought as he writes his own articles. He says this with enthusiasm, because he has heard it at so many comfortable dinner-tables, where some one had mentioned through carelessness, or foolish zeal, a book whose difficulty had offended indolence, or a man who had not forgotten that beauty is an accusation. Those formulas and generalisations, in which a hidden sergeant has drilled the ideas of journalists and through them the ideas of all but all the modern world, have created in their turn a forgetfulness like that of soldiers in battle, so that journalists and their readers have forgotten, among many like events, that Wagner spent seven years arranging and explaining his ideas before he began his most characteristic music; that opera, and with it modern music, arose from certain talks at the house of one Giovanni Bardi of Florence; and that the Plà ©iade laid the foundations of modern French literature with a pamphlet. Goethe has said, a poet needs all philosophy, but he must keep it out of his work, though that is not always necessary; and almost certainly no great art, outside England, where journalists are more powerful and ideas less plentiful than elsewhere, has arisen without a great criticism, for its herald or its interpreter and protector, and it may be for this reason that great art, now that vulgarity has armed itself and multiplied itself, is perhaps dead in England. All writers, all artists of any kind, in so far as they have had any philosophical or critical power, perhaps just in so far as they have been deliberate artists at all, have had some philosophy, some criticism of their art; and it has often been this philosophy, or this criticism, that has evoked their most startling inspiration calling into outer life some portion of the divine life, or of the buried reality, which could alone extinguish in the emotions what their philosophy or their criticism would extinguish in the intellect. They have sought for no new thing, it may be, but only to understand and to copy the pure inspiration of early times, but because the divine life wars upon our outer life, and must needs change its weapons and its movements as we change ours, inspiration has come to them in beautiful startling shapes. The scientific movement brought with it a literature, which was always tending to lose itself in externalities of all kinds, in opinion, in declamation, in pic turesque writing, in word-painting, or in what Mr. Symons has called an attempt to build in brick and mortar inside the covers of a book; and new writers have begun to dwell upon the element of evocation, of suggestion, upon what we call the symbolism in great writers. II In Symbolism in Painting, I tried to describe the element of symbolism that is in pictures and sculpture, and described a little the symbolism in poetry, but did not describe at all the continuous indefinable symbolism which is the substance of all style. There are no lines with more melancholy beauty than these by Burns: The white moon is setting behind the white wave,And Time is setting with me, O! and these lines are perfectly symbolical. Take from them the whiteness of the moon and of the wave, whose relation to the setting of Time is too subtle for the intellect, and you take from them their beauty. But, when all are together, moon and wave and whiteness and setting Time and the last melancholy cry, they evoke an emotion which cannot be evoked by any other arrangement of colours and sounds and forms. We may call this metaphorical writing, but it is better to call it symbolical writing, because metaphors are not profound enough to be moving, when they are not symbols, and when they are symbols they are the most perfect of all, because the most subtle, outside of pure sound, and through them one can the best find out what symbols are. If one begins the  reverie  with any beautiful lines that one can remember, one finds they are like those by Burns. Begin with this line by Blake: The gay fishes on the wave when the moon sucks up the dew or these lines by Nash: Brightness falls from the air,Queens have died young and fair,Dust hath closed Helens eye or these lines by Shakespeare: Timon hath made his everlasting mansionUpon the beached verge of the salt flood;Who once a day with his embossed frothThe turbulent surge shall cover or take some line that is quite simple, that gets its beauty from its place in a story, and see how it flickers with the light of the many symbols that have given the story its beauty, as a sword-blade may flicker with the light of burning towers. All sounds, all colours, all forms, either because of their preordained energies or because of long association, evoke indefinable and yet precise emotions, or, as I prefer to think, call down among us certain disembodied powers, whose footsteps over our hearts we call emotions; and when sound, and colour, and form are in a musical relation, a beautiful relation to one another, they become, as it were, one sound, one colour, one form, and evoke an emotion that is made out of their distinct evocations and yet is one emotion. The same relation exists between all portions of every work of art, whether it be an epic or a song, and the more perfect it is, and the more various and numerous the elements that have flowed into its perfection, the more powerful will be the emotion, the power, the god it calls  among  us. Because an emotion does not exist, or does not become perceptible and active among us, till it has found its expression, in colour or in sound or in form, or in all of the se, and because no two modulations or arrangements of these evoke the same emotion, poets and painters and musicians, and in a less degree because their effects are momentary, day and night and cloud and shadow, are continually making and unmaking mankind. It is indeed only those things which seem useless or very feeble that have any power, and all those things that seem useful or strong, armies, moving wheels, modes of architecture, modes of government, speculations of the reason, would have been a little different if some mind long ago had not given itself to some emotion, as a woman gives herself to her lover, and shaped sounds or colours or forms, or all of these, into a musical relation, that their emotion might live in other minds. A little lyric evokes an emotion, and this emotion gathers others about it and melts into their being in the making of some great epic; and at last, needing an always less delicate body, or symbol, as it grows more powerful, it flows out, with all it has gathered, among the blind instincts of daily life, where it moves a power within powers, as one sees ring within ring in the stem of an old tree. This is maybe what Arthur OShaughnessy meant when he made his poets say they had built Nineveh with their sighing; and I am certainly never certain, when I hear of some war, or of some religious excitement or of some new manufacture, or of anything else that fills the ear of the world, that it has not all happened because of something that a boy piped in Thessaly. I remember once telling a seer to ask one among the gods who, as she believed, were standing about her in their symbolic bodies, what would come of a charming but seeming trivial  labour  of a friend, and the form answering, the devastation of peoples and the overwhelming of cities. I doubt indeed if the crude circumstance of the world, which seems to create all our emotions, does more than reflect, as in multiplying mirrors, the emotions that have come to solitary men in moments of poetical contemplation; or that love itself would be more than an animal hunger but for the poet and his shadow the priest, for unless we believe that outer things are the reality, we must believe that the gross is the shadow of the subtle, that things are wise before they become foolish, and secret before they cry out in the  market-place. Solitary men in moments of contemplation receive, as I think, the creative impulse from the lowest of the Nine Hierarchies, and so make and unmake mankind, and even the world itself, for does not the eye altering alter all? Our towns are copied fragments from our breast;And all mans Babylons strive but to impartThe grandeurs of his Babylonian heart. III The purpose of rhythm, it has always seemed to me, is to prolong the moment of contemplation, the moment when we are both asleep and awake, which is the one moment of creation, by hushing us with an alluring monotony, while it holds us  waking  by variety, to keep us in that state of perhaps real trance, in which the mind liberated from the pressure of the will is unfolded in symbols. If certain sensitive persons listen persistently to the ticking of a  watch,  or gaze persistently on the monotonous flashing of a light, they fall into the hypnotic trance; and rhythm is but the ticking of a watch made softer, that one must  needs  listen, and various, that one may not be swept beyond memory or grow weary of listening; while the patterns of the artist are but the monotonous flash woven to take the eyes in a  subtler  enchantment. I have heard in meditation voices that were forgotten the moment they had  spoken; and  I have been swept, when in more profound meditatio n, beyond all memory but of those things that came from beyond the threshold of waking life. I was writing once at a very symbolical and abstract poem, when my pen fell on the ground; and as I stooped to pick it up, I remembered some  phantastic  adventure that yet did not seem  phantastic, and then another like adventure, and when I asked myself when these things had happened, I found, that I was remembering my dreams for many nights. I tried to remember what I had done the day before, and then what I had done that morning; but all my waking life had perished from me, and it was only after a struggle that I came to remember it again, and as I did so that more powerful and startling life perished in its turn. Had my pen not fallen on the ground and so made me turn from the images that I was weaving into verse, I would never have known that meditation had become trance, for I would have been like one who does not know that he is passing through a wood because his eyes are on the pathway. So I think that in the making and in the understanding of a work of art, and the mo re easily if it is full of patterns and symbols and music, we are lured to the threshold of sleep, and it may be far beyond it, without knowing that we have ever set our feet upon the steps of horn or of ivory. IV Besides emotional symbols, symbols that evoke emotions alone,and in this sense all alluring or hateful things are symbols, although their relations with one another are too subtle to delight us fully, away from rhythm and pattern,there are intellectual symbols, symbols that evoke ideas alone, or ideas mingled with emotions; and outside the very definite traditions of mysticism and the less definite criticism of certain modern poets, these alone are called symbols. Most things belong to one or another kind, according to the way we speak of them and the companions we give them, for symbols, associated with ideas that are more than fragments of the shadows thrown upon the intellect by the emotions they evoke, are the playthings of the allegorist or the pedant, and soon pass away. If I say white or purple in an ordinary line of poetry, they evoke emotions so exclusively that I cannot say why they move me; but if I bring them into the same sentence with such obvious intellectual symbols a s a cross or a crown of thorns, I think of purity and sovereignty. Furthermore, innumerable meanings, which are held to white or to purple by bonds of subtle suggestion, and alike in the emotions and in the intellect, move visibly through my mind, and move invisibly beyond the threshold of sleep, casting lights and shadows of an indefinable wisdom on what had seemed before, it may be, but sterility and noisy violence. It is the intellect that decides where the reader shall ponder over the procession of the symbols, and if the symbols are merely emotional, he gazes from amid the accidents and destinies of the world; but if the symbols are intellectual too, he becomes himself a part of pure intellect, and he is himself mingled with the procession. If I watch a rushy pool in the moonlight, my emotion at its beauty is mixed with memories of the man that I have seen ploughing by its margin, or of the lovers I saw there a night ago; but if I look at the moon herself and remember any of her ancient names and meanings, I move among divine people, and thing s that have shaken off our mortality, the tower of ivory, the queen of waters, the shining  stag  among enchanted woods, the white  hare  sitting upon the hilltop, the fool of  faery  with his shining cup full of dreams, and it may be make a friend of one of these images of wonder, and meet the Lord in the air. So, too, if one is moved by Shakespeare, who is content with emotional symbols that he may come the nearer to our sympathy, one is mixed with the whole spectacle of the world; while if one is moved by Dante, or by the myth of Demeter, one is mixed into the shadow of God or of a goddess. So too one is furthest from symbols when one is busy doing this or that, but the soul moves among symbols and unfolds in symbols when trance, or madness, or deep meditation has withdrawn it from every impulse but its own. I then saw, wrote Gà ©rard de Nerval of his madness, vaguely drifting into form, plastic images of antiquity, which outlined themselves, became definite, and seemed to represent symbols of which I only seized the idea with difficulty. In an earlier  time  he would have been of that multitude, whose souls austerity withdrew, even more perfectly than madness could withdraw his soul, from hope and memory, from desire and regret, that they might reveal those processions of symbols that men bow to before altars, and  woo  with incense and offerings. But being of our time, he has been like Maeterlinck, like Villiers de IIsle-Adam in  Axà «l, like all who are preoccupied with intellectual symbols in our time, a foreshadower of the new sacred book, of which all the arts, as somebody has said, are beginning to dream. How can the arts overcome the slow dying of mens hearts that we call the progress of the world, and lay their hands upon mens heartstrings again, without becoming the garment of religion as in old times? V If people were to accept the theory that poetry moves us because of its symbolism, what change should one look for in the manner of our poetry? A return to the way of our fathers, a casting out of descriptions of nature for the sake of nature, of the moral law for the sake of the moral law, a casting out of all anecdotes and of that brooding over scientific opinion that so often extinguished the central flame in Tennyson, and of that vehemence that would make us do or not do certain things; or, in other words, we should come to understand that the beryl stone was enchanted by our fathers that it might unfold the pictures in its heart, and  not to  mirror our own excited faces, or the boughs waving outside the window. With this change of substance, this return to imagination, this understanding that the laws of art, which are the hidden laws of the world, can alone bind the imagination, would come a change of style, and we would cast out of serious poetry those energetic rhythms, as of a man running, which are the invention of the will with its eyes always on something to be done or undone; and we would seek out those wavering, meditative, organic rhythms, which are the embodiment of the imagination, that neither desires nor hates, because it has done with time, and only wishes to gaze upon some reality, some beauty; nor would it be any longer possible for anybody to deny the importance of form, in all its kinds, for although you can expound an opinion, or describe a thing, when your words are not quite well chosen, you cannot give a body to something that moves beyond the senses, unless your words are as subtle, as complex, as full of mysterious life, as the body of a flower or of a woman. The form of sincere poetry, unlike the form of the popular poetry, may indeed be sometimes obscure, or ungrammatical as in some of the best of the Songs of Innocence and Experience, but it must have the perfections that escape analysis, the subtleties that have a new meaning every day, and it must have all this whether it be but a little song made out of a moment of dreamy  indolence,  or some great epic made out of the dreams of one poet and of a hundred generations whose hands were never weary of the sword. The Symbolism of Poetry by William Butler Yeats first appeared in  The Dome in April 1900 and was reprinted in Yeats Ideas of Good and Evil, 1903.

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Crisis in New England Fisheries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crisis in New England Fisheries - Essay Example This will be done on the basis of an article titled ‘Crisis in New England Fisheries’ and will also cover stakeholder issues, perspectives, concerns, interests, consequences, and the relevance of environmental science and ethics to the current situation. The said article appears as chapter 3 in the book ‘Watersheds 4: Ten Cases in Environmental Ethics’ by Newton et al. Summary of article: This article successfully puts across the seriousness of the situation, the consequences, and the probable outcomes of remedial actions. The paper starts with the depleted state of the fishing population and industry worldwide. The authors start off with the nature of fisheries worldwide before moving on to the specific case of New England Fisheries. According to them, nearly 90% of predator fish that is preferred as sea food has been depleted worldwide. This statement has been backed by other researchers, according to the Washington Post. The newspaper states that the world will be totally devoid of seafood by 2048 if not restricted and corrected (Eilperin, 2006). The total stock has fallen from more than 4 million tons nearly two and a half million tons in the North Atlantic Region where the fisheries in question is situated. The article then provides a detailed history of the fisheries about how it began and boomed starting from the mid 1860s. The area, accord ing to the authors was ideal for fish and its prey due to the climate, vegetation, the shallow water, and the currents. The boom which provided sustenance and livelihood to a larger number of fishermen, their families, and employees was cut down by the arrival of the large factory ships from primarily from Russia and Spain. These large scale fishing factories practically wiped out all edible and in-demand fish from the area in a matter of ten years. The Federal Government belatedly put a ban, through the introduction of the Magnuson Act, on banning fishing within 200

Sunday, February 9, 2020

The evalution of copycats impact in market Essay - 1

The evalution of copycats impact in market - Essay Example premise encompassed high-similarity copycats would loose while the subtle copycats gain in the presence of a leader brand (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). Since, the clients will be capable of making critical comparisons backed by former theories, which they have regarding the leader brand. Therefore, the article’s authors hypothesized that â€Å"shopping situation† usually avails consumers with an ample time meant to explicitly compare copycat brands with the leader, whereby the blatant lose and the subtle copycats gain (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). To prove this hypothesis, the authors utilized both comparative and noncomparative evaluations to ascertain which copycats’ category would gain or lose under each test (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). Results indicated that, moderate-similarity copycats gained under comparative evaluation contrary to high-similarity copycats because leader brands acted as their standard measures (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). Conversely, high-similarity copycats gained under noncomparative evaluation whereas the moderate or subtle lost due to the assimilation aspect (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). In the latter test, there was no leader brand meant for comparison, hence the clients ended up suggesting the high-similarity copycats being close to the standard brand (Van Horen & Pieters, 2012). In conclusion, despite a recent court ruling declaring reputation riding is unacceptable, subtle copycats will still benefit without the leader brands’ corporations prosecuting them (Van Horen & Pieters,

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Fried Green Tomatoes Essay Example for Free

Fried Green Tomatoes Essay I chose to critique the film Fried Green Tomatoes. I wanted to show that this film is about two friendships between four women that prove that when you find that person that is your best friend, you find the best in yourself. This film was released in 1991. It was based on the book, Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Fanny Flagg. Ms. Flagg was also the one who wrote the screenplay as well. The movie is filmed in the present, which would have been 1990-ish, where we meet Evelyn Couch who is visiting a nursing home with her husband, Ed. She meets a lonely old woman Cleo Threadgoode, whom everyone calls Ninny, and they begin talking. Ninny shares a story with Evelyn about Idgie Threadgoode and Ruth Jamison, taking place in the 1920’s and the 1930’s. We see dual storylines here. The first in the present with Evelyn and Ninny and then the story of Idgie and Ruth in the past, both of them being told chronologically but at different periods of time. In the first, or establishing shot, we hear a train whistle and the camera pans over a ghost town and eventually stopping at a run-down building that says The Whistle Stop Cafe. Watching this movie, I found myself laughing, then crying and then laughing and feeling happy. I found myself relating to the characters, most of them in one way or another which was a good feeling. I saw the insecurity in Evelyn, the way that she is so passive and shy. She is very naive. She is trying to get her husband to pay attention to something other than sports on television. He comes home from work, picks up his dinner that has been set on the table, grabs a beer and then he sits in his chair and ignores her. The stubbornness of Idgie, she is one that does what she wants, when she wants and won’t follow the rules, even if they are in her best interest. The quiet strength of Ruth, she can be the most kind and ladylike woman, but when it comes to her child or her best friend, she is willing to do anything to keep them safe. The carefree Ninny, who does not seem to have ever met a stranger, may be old, but is very direct and lovable. I think that through the movie we see that within each set of friends, that in the beginning there is one that is shy and passive and then other is outspoken and extroverted. As their friendships grow, they balance each other out. Evelyn becomes more self-confident and assertive, with her husband for example. Ninny learns that you are never too old to find your best friend. Idgie learns how to let people into her heart, and teaches Ruth how to think for herself and gives her courage to leave her abusive husband. Ruth tries to tame Idgie’s wild ways and Idgie discovers that she has someone that she can be herself with. All of these things are so very important. The protagonists in this film; Evelyn, Ninny, Idgie, and Ruth each face their own form of enemy or antagonist. For Evelyn, it is her poor self-image. For Ninny, it is her longing to go home. Idgie in this particular point in time is facing the court that is trying her for murder. Ruth faces her abusive husband. All of these things each threaten to hold each of these women back. This film falls into two different genres; drama and comedy. There is no love story, no fight scenes, nothing explodes. It is the story of friendship and with that you have tears and laughter, like in real life. The film is set in the fictional town of Whistle Stop, Alabama and in Valdosta, Georgia. You can hear the southern twang in the accents of the characters that would suggest the southern descent. The score contains several southern gospel, blues, and then some soft pop ballads, but throughout the movie the sound of a train whistle is prevalent both in the presence of a train and without. The use of a train is vital to the film. The train is where Idgie and Ruth have their first â€Å"adventure† stowing away in a train car containing food and throwing that food to needy families along the track. The train is present during the important moments in the film; when we first see Evelyn, Buddy’s death, the birth of Ruth’s son, Frank Bennett’s murder, when we are told of Ruth’s cancer. There is voice over from Ninny when we go from the present to the past. We hear her talk about the past and then there is a fade out and then in. These are often used at the beginning and/or end of a scene or sequence as a sort of punctuation mark, fading into a shot from a black screen or fading to black at the end, like bringing the lights up or down during a stage play (Goodykoontz 2011). Other sounds in the movie are used to let audience be aware of the character’s surroundings. For example, when Idgie goes to the stump to get the honey, we hear the buzzing of bees, or scenes from the cafe you can hear things sizzling and cooking. The four main actors in this film are; Kathy Bates/Evelyn, Jessica Tandy/Ninny, Mary Stuart Masterson/Idgie, and Mary Louise Parker/Ruth. Imdb1991) They are all wild card actors, which made this film enjoyable to watch. With no one typecast into any certain role, you could not predict how one was going to act or do. It made it easier to picture these actors in the roles that they played here. Each actor was well chosen to play each role. The personalities of the actors fit with the persona lities of the character of the story. When I read the book now, I see Kathy Bates when I read about Evelyn and Mary Louise Parker when I read about Ruth. It makes the story more enjoyable, I think when I can read it and watch along in my head. The clothing worn depicts the time period very well. We know that it is warm by the way that people are dressed; light flowing dresses and simple pants and shirts with the sleeves rolled up. The hairstyles also compliment the time; hair up and pinned or put up softly so that some curls flow for the women and the men had very short and well kept hair. Those men who had hair kept it slicked back or in a traditional curl. Everyone in the past storyline seems to constantly wear a gleam of sweat if they appear outdoors. Only in the present-day storyline are we able to measure time, and that done here with holidays. In the beginning we see Evelyn bringing a basket of candy to her husband’s aunt. Then we see different decorations in the nursing home, Halloween, Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Valentine’s Day. The past is different because Ninny is telling the story so she says when things happen so we are not left to guess for ourselves. The lighting in this film is tied to the mood of the particular scene. The sun shines when things are good and happy. When Frank comes to take the baby away, it is a tense scene and is shown with dark lighting and lots of shadows. It gives a menacing tone. When there are deaths, the lighting is dull and sorrowful, and even the weather is a factor. During the more somber scenes, it is cloudy and rainy which gives a sense of sadness to the already dismal part of the storyline. A normal lens was used to shoot this movie as the scenes are shot as if one was seeing them with their own eyes. The effect that this film has on society is that it presents a realistic and classic view of friendship that people can in some way relate to. It has a great deal of fiction in regards to the storyline. But there are some parts that have a bit of truth to them. The matter of racism, given the time period, is portrayed as it has been documented in history books. The presence of the Ku Klux Klan is another piece of our nation’s history. Not a great one, but still a true one. The film is directed, produced, and written by Jon Avnet, who is credited with such films as The War and Up Close and Personal. Mr. Avnet worked with author Fannie Flagg to write the screenplay. This story may have â€Å"chick flick† written all over it but one should not be fooled, there is more to this film than just four chicks laughing and crying together. There is, of course, the story of friendship, but there is mystery, there is a bit of our dark history, there’s a murder and then there is food. Fried green tomatoes and the best barbeque you ever had†¦the secret’s in the sauce.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

How I was Introduced to Ansel Adams :: Photography Photographers Artists Essays

How I was Introduced to Ansel Adams Ansel Adams was more than just an artist; he was environmentalist and a photographer. Adams was born February 20th, 1902 in San Francisco California. This is where I was born before I moved to Andover Massachusetts’s. I was too young to appreciate his work then, but when I went back a few summers ago to visit my sister in San Francisco, all I saw at the tourist’s sites was Ansel’s photographs of the Golden Gate Bridge. I remember it like it was yesterday looking at this photograph of Ansel’s, the picture is in black and white, and it looks as if the sun is setting, just about 6p.m. I couldn’t believe how real this picture looked to me, I knew I had to buy it, and it is still up on my wall to this day. Ansel took photographs so expressively, you felt like you were right there with him. Before Ansel’s photographs, I really had no appreciation for nature or how people could spend sixteen hours a day to capture one photograph that was perfect. Ho wever, after I saw Ansel’s work it all made sense to me, that people were looking for the beauty in everything, even a bridge can move people and make them think of that moment in time. Adams eventually married a girl in California, named Charles Hitchcock Adams. Even when he was a child, Adams had an appreciation for nature. This was brought on because he lived with his grandparents who were extremely conservative. This caused Ansel to be very shy in the public arena and at school, and this played havoc with Ansel’s education. So as a solution, he received home schooling by his grandfather, and this is where Ansel found his love for the outdoors. His grandfather thought nature was a special thing and he wanted to share this knowledge of the outdoors with Ansel. This is the reason why he spends a good amount of time every year at the Yosemite Sierra Park, leaving behind his beloved Golden Gate Bridge. He explored all different kinds of sceneries when he went to Yosemit e, just so he could see what nature had to offer. Early Life of Ansel Adams Also as a young boy he developed a great sense of music and was able to play the piano at the age of twelve. It was an impressive accomplishment because he was self taught.

Monday, January 13, 2020

Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression

Lab Name: Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression Researcher: Isabella Cuenco Lab Start Date: November 9, 2012 Lab Completion Date: November 9, 2012 Table of Contents SECTION NAME I. Introduction II. Procedure III. Data IV. Analysis V. Conclusion PAGE NUMBER ? I. INTRODUCTION Purpose: The purpose of the lab is to find the molar mass of an unknown substance by measuring the freezing point depression of a solution of the unknown substance and BHT. Hypothesis: If the freezing point depression of a solution of an unknown substance and BHT is measured, the molar mass of an unknown substance can be found.Pre-Lab Questions: 1. a. Determine the freezing point depression 53. 02 – 50. 78 = 2. 24 Â °C b. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown substance 7. 1 Â °C/m X 2. 04 g (solute) X 24. 8 g (solvent) X 2. 24 Â °C = 260. 0 g molar mass = 260. g 2. What are colligative properties? Colligative properties are properties of a solution that change when the condition of the solution chang es. II. PROCEDURE Part B 1. Set up a Bunsen Burner, ring stand and clamp, as shown in picture below. 2. Fill a beaker with 100 mL of water 3.Place beaker on ring stand, and light burner to test that blue of flame is hitting the bottom of the beaker; once it is, turn burner off. 4. Using a mortar and pestle, crush 0. 5 g of BHT. 5. Pack the BHT into a small capillary tube. 6. Using a rubber band, fasten the capillary tube to a thermometer, ensuring the bottom of the tube lines up with the thermometer bottom. 7. Clamp the thermometer/tube, ensuring the thermometer and tube are in the water. 8. Begin to heat the water and observe the tube. 9. Once the BHT has melted (turned from white powder to clear), turn off the heat, and record the temperature at which the BHT melted. 0. Once cool, dispose of the BHT and tube. 11. Using a mortar and pestle, crush 0. 1 g of cetyl alcohol. 12. Using a mortar and pestle, crush 0. 5 g of BHT. 13. Pack the BHT and cetyl alcohol into a small capillary tu be.14. Repeat steps 6-10 for the BHT and cetyl alcohol. III: RESULTS (DATA & OBSERVATIONS): Part A (Sample Data given): Trial #1Trial #2 Mass of empty test tube #1, g18. 235 g Mass of test tube #1 + BHT, g26. 292 g Mass of BHT, g8. 057 g Mass of weighing paper, g0. 221 g Mass of weighing paper + cetyl alcohol, g1. 236 g Mass of cetyl alcohol, g1. 15 g Mass of empty test tube #2, g18. 689 g Mass of test tube #2 + BHT, g26. 679 g Mass of BHT, g7. 990 g Mass of unknown, g1. 656 g Temperature in ? C: Time, in secondsPure BHTBHT + cetyl alcoholBHT + unknown 085. 085. 576. 8 2080. 084. 974. 7 4075. 881. 674. 5 6072. 078. 672. 2 8069. 076. 369. 8 10068. 873. 567. 8 12069. 072. 065. 9 14068. 869. 764. 3 16068. 667. 462. 9 18068. 465. 561. 6 20068. 264. 260. 4 22063. 661. 1 24063. 861. 5 26063. 761. 6 30063. 561. 2 36060. 5 420 480 Part B: Melting Points: Pure BHT71. 9 ? C BHT + cetyl alcohol68. 5 ? C Masses:BHTCetyl Alcohol Solution #1 – BHT + Cetyl Alcohol, g0. 5 g0. 1 g IV. ANALYSI S: Post- Lab Calculations Determine ? Tfp for the solution cetyl alcohol and of the unknown substance in BHT. Calculate the molality of the cetyl alcohol solution and use it to determine the value of the freezing point depression constant, kfp, for BHT. Use the calculated value of kfp, along with the masses of the unknown solute and BHT, to find the molar mass of the unknown solute. molality of cetyl alcohol solution = 0. 5 m kfp of BHT = 4. 0 ? C/m molar mass of unknown solute = 240 g/molPost-Lab Questions 1. The following errors occurred when the above experiment was carried out. How would each affect the calculated molar mass of the solute (too high, too low, no effect)? Explain your answers. a. The thermometer used actually read 1. 4 ? C too high. b. Some of the solvent was spilled before the solute was added. c. Some of the solute was spilled after it was weighed and before it was added to the solvent. d. Some of the solution was spilled after the solute and solvent were mied b ut before the freezing point was determined. 2.What was the least precise measurement in the experiment? How does this limit your significant digits? 3. Did the solutions show any evidence of supercooling? 4. Why is it advantageous to choose a solvent that has a large value for Kfp? 5. Explain why the pure solvent shows a level horizontal curve as solidification occurs, but the curve for the solution slopes downward slightly. V. CONCLUSION When the freezing point depression of a solution of an unknown substance and BHT is measured, the molar mass of an unknown substance is found. The hypothesis

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Analysis Of Monster On The Loose - 1232 Words

Rodrigo Garcia Dr. Summers ENGL-1301-101 13 October 2017 Monster on the Loose During final’s exam week, students tend to procrastinate and stress out. This results in lack of sleep. With that, this leads to the consumption of an energy drink, such as a Monster. This product made its debut around 2002. From there, the production rate has skyrocketed its sales in the 20th century. The Hansen Beverage company is the owner of this product and has been accused of many health-related problems, and despite their increase in sales each year; their price is similar to any other beverage making it inexpensive. One of the reasons why sales increase is because of the unique taste it has makes it addictive. However, people should consume responsibly†¦show more content†¦(June R. Para 5) The majority of the people who like this drink is because it’s taste in soda. The reason why the Hansen Beverage Company is a success because of their variety of energy drink flavors. This gives the consumer a wide range of satisfying Monster products to try. Despite , its ingredients, most people prefer the original flavor (green) because it has an original taste of an energy drink. Moreover, if a person decides to buy a Monster, any grocery and convenience store has this product on their shelves. The price ranges from $1.50- $2.50 making it a bit more equal with other beverages. Many consumers purchase this beverage because it has a similar price to any other beverage and once this product is consumed an addiction can happen. That is because Monster contains excessive amounts of caffeine. In fact, â€Å"consuming only 100 g of caffeine daily overtime can turn it into a habit.† (UHN Staff Para.1) Unfortunately, the price does not keep people from purchasing Monster. â€Å"The reason why Monster’s prices should increase is because it’s killing America’s youth because they can’t cope with the ingredients.†(Gosliner, Crawford, Wendi Para.1) If that is the case, the price of a Monster should increase to prevent addiction and death in teenagers. Aside from that, a normal beverage is much moreShow MoreRelatedScene Analysis of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesScene Analysis of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein was a novel written by Mary Shelley in 1832. At the time when Frankenstein was written gothic novels were very popular and so this novel was seen to be very popular. In 1994 the Frankenstein novel was turned into a movie by Kenneth Branagh, starring Kenneth Branagh himself as Victor Frankenstein. The film used manyRead MoreMonsters = Homosexual. 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